Nproperties of concrete and steel pdf

Following properties of high density concrete have been observed. In addition, hardened concrete expands and contracts with changes in temperature at roughly the same rate as steel. The strength of this concrete measured on standard cylinders has been found 42 mpa at 28 days for a watercement ratio 0. Pdf mechanical properties of structural lightweight concrete. Consider some of the widely differing properties of these two materials that are listed below. Lamellar tearing is failure of steel in the dimension perpendicular to the plane of rolling. Inthis research observed the properties of substitute of steel slag on slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete. If 5 pcf of this is allowed for the steel and w is taken as. Bond behaviour between reinforcing steel and concrete. Properties of reinforced concrete steel rebars exposed to high temperatures.

The steel beams can rest on consoles pinned connection, but they can also be attached to the concrete columns with a rigid. It hardens with age the process of hardening continues for a long time after the concrete has attained sufficient strength. Because of concretes relatively low tensile strength, it is typically reinforced with steel bars fig. Fresh concrete will be plastic so that it can be moulded to any desired shape. Concrete and steel work together beautifully in reinforced concrete structures. According to is code, partial safety factor is taken as 1.

Ratio of these materials control the various concrete properties which are discussed below. Pdf principles of structural design wood steel and. Tests were carried out after first24 hour warped curing and then water curing. Pdf mechanical and durability properties of highstrength concrete. Itwas shown that for thesamelengthanddiameter,crimpedendfibers can achievethesamepropertiesas straight fibers using 40 percent less fiberss. Concrete and steel are one of the most common construction materials even in today, steel structures vs concrete structures is an attempt to compare advantages and disadvantages of both materials from constriction and maintenance point of view. Mechanical properties of concrete and steel reinforced concrete rc, also called rcc for reinforced cement concrete is a widely used construction material in many parts the world. In the ancient period, construction work was mostly carried out with help of mudstone from industry. Cip 33 high strength concrete what is high strength concrete it is a type of high performance concrete generally with a specified compressive strength of 8,000 psi 55 mpa or greater. Concrete basicsaddresses the needs of unskilled and semiskilled persons undertaking general concreting projects including home and handyman projects.

Concrete has relatively high compressive strength it doesnt crack under weight, but significantly lower tensile strength it cracks when being pulled. There are other admixtures that are added to improve workability, durability, and set times. Principles of structural design wood steel and concrete second edition by ram s gupta. Subramanian designed to meet the needs of students aspiring to enroll into the undergraduate civil and structural engineering programs, design of reinforced concrete structures has been proven to be useful for postgraduate students as well as an indispensable reference for practicing engineers and researchers. Standard cylinder 150x300 mm or 150x100 cube with aggregate size of which is not exceeding 25mm is used to determine the strength. In structural engineering, composite construction exists when two different materials are bound together so strongly that they act together as a single unit from a structural point of view. Its utility and verstatility is achieved by combining the best features of concrete and steel. Properties of high strength concrete using steel slag coarse aggregate mien van tran1, chanh van nguyen2, toyoharu nawa3, and boonchai stitmannaithum4 1 faculty of civil engineering, ho chi minh city university technology, ho chi minh city, vietnam, tel. This paper investigates the effects of steel fiber content and coarse aggregate size on the mechanical properties of highstrength concrete with a specified compressive strength value of 60 mpa. Pdf mechanical properties of concrete with steel and. Today compressive strengths exceeding 20,000 psi 140 mpa have been used in castinplace buildings.

As the most common matrix, which is now in use in construction industry is reinforced cement concrete. Mechanical properties of building materials under standards conditions. Hardened properties of highperformance printing concrete. M, influence of silica fume in enhancement of compressive strength,flexural strength of steel fibers concrete and their relationship, international journal of. Concrete basicsaims to provide a clear, concise explanation of all aspects of making quality concrete. Penetration substances enter into concrete and permeate concrete by difference of pressure on surface of materials water and concrete scales of cement based materials we have several scales of observation of concrete. In fact, the word concrete comes from the latin term concretus, which means to grow. It is mainly due to the binding properties of cement that the ingredients are compacted together.

Steel beams can be strengthened by a concrete compression layer. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Due to the ready availability of its constituent materials, the strength and economy it provides. It occurs in steel at heavy, restrained welded joints usually with plates more than 1 12 inch thick in the form of microscopic cracks.

Pdf properties of reinforced concrete steel rebars exposed. About four tons of concrete are produced per person per year worldwide and about 1. Material requirements for steel and concrete structures. It was named portland cement because it looked like the. Rough and angular aggregate provides better bonding and. Manufacture of steel fibers, properties of steel fibers. Hpc has been used in large structures such as the petronas towers and the troll platform. If the paste has higher binding strength, higher will be strength of concrete. Pdf this paper aims to study experimentally, the effect of partial replacement of coarse and fine aggregates by steel slag ss, on the various. Chapter 1 properties of reinforced concrete free download as powerpoint presentation. In scale of construction 101m we can see concrete and reinforcing steel bars, of concrete 10. Introduction to concrete portland cement association. Other metals added to carbon include chromium, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum and manganese.

Properties of concrete while cement in one form or another has been around for centuries, the type we use was invented in 1824 in britain. Properties of hardened concrete strength, sjrinkage. Properties of concrete concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of portland cement, water, and aggregates. Tunnel liningandslope stabilization steel fiber reinforced shortcrete sfrs are being used toline undergroundopen ings and rock slope stabilization. What is concrete and what are the properties of concrete. Steel fibers are short discontinues strips of specially manufactured steel. Reinforced concrete rc, also called rcc for reinforced cement concrete is a widely used construction material in many parts the world. The use of highstrength steel hsr as reinforcement in concrete structures has advanced significantly in the last 40 years. Dont use sea water as it may rust the steel reinforcement in the concrete. Concrete as a structural material 1 the reader of this book is presumably someone interested in the use of concrete in structures, be they bridges or buildings, highways or dams. The mechanical properties measured in other places cannot be directly applicable to hong kong. How do concrete and steel compare in the construction of large commercial buildings. The value of partial safety factor depends upon the type of material and upon the type of limit state. Properties of concrete an overview sciencedirect topics.

Certainly, if more concrete test data from various public and private projects is available, more reliable mean strength prediction formulas covering full range of concrete grades can be obtained. This paper presents the hardened properties of a highperformance fibrereinforced fineaggregate concrete extruded through a 9 mm diameter nozzle to build layerbylayer structural components in a printing process. Experiments on the influence of matrix strength, fibre content and diameter on the compressive behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete were reported for two types of matrix and fibres. For instance, the great shortcoming of concrete is its lack of tensile strength. Design values of concrete material properties according to en199211 unit weight the unit weight of concrete. Properties and applications offiber reinforced concrete. Steel is an extremely versatile alloy, often wrongly but understandably referred to as a metal. If 5 pcf of this is allowed for the steel and w is taken as 145 pcf then. For in this dynamic environment, operating within a more. Download design of reinforced concrete structures by n.

Chapter 1 components of concrete concrete is made up of two components, aggregates and paste. Properties of concrete every civil engineer must know. Essentially, bond action is achieved by mechanical interlocking of the steel ribs and the surrounding concrete. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. They are crimped steel fiber and polypropylene fiber with different mix proportion by volume of concrete is added into mix with replacement of cement by fly ash and silica fume respectively.

Comparisons of the mechanical properties of timber, steel. This study investigated the engineering properties of concrete reinforced with recycled tyre steel fibre rtsf and polypropylene fibre ppf to evaluate the feasibility of using rtsf as primary fibre in hybrid fibre reinforced concrete with a total fibre content of 1. Transport mechanisms include permeation, diffusion, and capillary absorption. The increase in the steel fiber volume fraction and silica fume content improved the loaddeflection behavior and resulted in larger ductility and fracture toughness of rpc. Thin shell, walls, pipes, andmanholes fibrous concrete permits the use of thinner flat and curved structural elements. It is a corrosion resistance material and atmospheric agent has no appreciable effect on it. For activation of the bond mechanism, relative displacements slip between steel and surrounding concrete are required. Addition of steel and pp fibers reduced the water absorption of concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete are of different types and properties. Our view is that, in order to use concrete satisfactorily, both the designer and the contractor need to be familiar with concrete technology. Assessment of the mechanical properties of concrete mixes was based on compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength of concrete and durability tests. The structural steel properties and design charts catalogue is a directory of products and services available from fletcher easysteel and is provided as a guide to assist customers when determining their requirements.

Petronas towers was the tallest concrete building in the world built in malaysia in the mid1990s. A problem in structural steel concrete construction magazine. Youngs modulus modulus of elasticity, e yield strength, f y. Students learn about iron and steel through discussions, demonstrations and suggested optional activities. Office buildings, hotels, sports complexes, and other buildings have the purpose of bringing people inside. In case of compartmentalization a mixed structure of concrete columns with steel beams can sometimes be very useful. Two different mixes determined the effect of adding roadcem in terms of compressive and flexural strengths, breaking strain, thermal expansion and contraction behaviour, permeability using a. Concrete is being extensively used in most of the construction activities. Reinforced concrete rc also called reinforced cement concrete or rcc is a composite material in which concrete s relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. These are the basics of concrete properties to produce a concrete mix. Creep property is insignificant for structural steel frame design and construction apart from the case in which the effect of fire should be taken into consideration. These are usually used with white portland cement to attain their full coloring potential.

The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the. Mar 04, 2016 compressive strength of concrete is the most important properties of concrete the characteristic strength that is concrete grade is measured by 28day cylindercube strength. Permeability of cracked concrete scales with the third power of crack width, 46,47 and a crack with width below 100. Design of concrete structures design of steel structures. Additionally, the air entraining agent aga introduces many bubbles in concrete, and it may. New formulae for the calculation of sleeper design parameters are. One common example involves steel beams supporting concrete floor slabs.

Fiber reinforced concrete is composite material consisting of mixtures of cement, mortar or concrete, discontinuous discrete uniform dispersed suitable fibers. Concrete material properties the weight density of reinforced concrete using normal aggregates is about 150 lbft3 pcf. Due to the ready availability of its constituent materials, the strength and economy it provides and the flexibility of its forms, rc is often preferred to steel. The fresh concrete should possess following properties. On the other hand, steelfiber reinforced concrete sfrc has been used for tunnel linings and bridge deck strengthening, where it offers superior flexural strength. Mixed structures steelconcrete, overview of projects. This paper presents findings from a preliminary study to assess the structural and material properties of a nonstandard, concrete type mix containing roadcem, a traditional soil stabilising additive. Pdf the study of concrete incorporating different waste fibres has started to. Effect of steel fibres on mechanical properties of high. Pdf mechanical properties of concrete and steel make. The main sleeper design parameters including rail seat loads, sleeperballast contact pressures and sleeper bending capacities are considered in this investigation. Workers placing and vibrating concrete on a bridge deck including epoxycoated reinforcing steel. The transport properties of concrete cover determine the time needed for the penetration of water or aggressive agents to reach the steel reinforcements.

Properties of structural steel for design and construction of. Damping properties of materials revision d by tom irvine email. Contents continental steel pte ltd list of tables note. Properties andapplications offiber reinforced concrete 53 phalticpavedaircraft parkingarea. It is a step by step reduction of structural steel under a constant stress. Mechanical properties and performance of materials samples of engineering materials are subjected to a wide variety of mechanical tests to measure their strength, elastic constants, and other material properties as well as their performance under a variety of actual use conditions and environments. The proposed mean concrete strength is well within priestley recommended lower and upperlimits. Bond between reinforcement and concrete influence of steel. Granulated blast furnace slag ggbs on the mechanical properties of high performance concrete hpc. For concrete with normal percentage of reinforcement or prestressing steel. Ductile high strength steel which has a yield strength ranging from. The cement and water form a paste that hardens and bonds the aggregates together. Strength and some other properties of concrete depend on the cement hydration products, which continue to form for. Concrete is the most widely used construction material in.

Properties of concrete are influenced by many factors mainly due to mix proportion of cement, sand, aggregates and water. Special concrete types and applications of special concrete. Properties of structural steel for design and construction. Table of concrete design properties fcd, fctm, ecm, fctd. Structural properties of concrete materials containing roadcem. Steel fibrous shortcrete is used in the construction ofhemispherical domes using the. Introduction fiber reinforced concrete frc is the composite material obtained after mixing of portland cement concrete with more or less randomly distributed fibers. Effect of micro steel fibre on properties of concrete. Portland cement association with steel or other highstrength material is known as reinforced concrete. The chemical interaction between cement and water binds the aggregate into a solid mass. Substitution of steel with pp fiber reduced mechanical properties of concrete.

Their inclusion in the concrete improves the mechanical properties of concrete significantly. A comparison of steel and concrete in building construction. Mar 23, 2015 this presentation is for the structural properties of concrete. Admixtures admixtures are mixed into the concrete to change or alter its properties, ie the time concrete takes to set and harden, or its workability. Experimental study on engineering properties of concrete. Properties and applications offiber reinforced concrete 51 high aspect ratio were found to have improved effectiveness. Bond between reinforcement and concrete influence of steel corrosion mohammed sonebi 1 richard davidson 2 david cleland 3 abstract the investigation into the deterioration of the bond between concrete and reinforcement was carried out using a series of beamtype pullout specimens.

It is by no means an exhaustive list of the companys service portfolio. Concrete compressive strengths of 35 and 60 mpa, 0. Properties of cement concrete the cement concrete possesses the following important properties. The advantages of each material seem to compensate for the disadvantages of the other. Pdf determination of mechanical properties of slurry. The work for m30 grade of concrete can be designed according to is 10262. Ts 500 and ts 708 standarts are deal with the required properties of reinforced concrete steel bars.

Concrete is a mixture of portland cement, water, aggregates, and in some cases, admixtures. Mechanical and damping properties of recycled aggregate. Crosssectional properties of complex composite beams. Fiber is a small short cut piece of reinforcing material possessing certain characteristics properties. Frcpavementsarenow in service in severe and mild environments. Reinforced concrete is a strong durable building material that can be formed into many varied shapes and sizes ranging from a simple rectangular column, to a slender curved dome or shell. It is necessary to know about important properties of concrete for every civil engineer to design a structure. Six series of test specimens were prepared using hook ended steel fibre with 0,2,3 and 4. In this respect, concrete resembles wood and other living systems.

This means that a concrete structural member reinforced with steel will experience minimal stress as a result of differential expansions of the two interconnected materials due to temperature changes. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using steel fibre. In this research, the mechanical behaviour of steel, timber and concrete sleepers is investigated and compared by conducting several laboratory and field tests. Ef 57,000 c concrete material properties effect of voids in concrete on modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and flexural strength civl 1101 introduction to concrete 510. Similarly, reinforced slabs of fibrous concrete, however, showed 20 percent reduction in velocities, and over 80 percent in fragmentations. The paste is composed of cement, water, and entrained air and ordinarily constitutes 20 to 40 percent of the total volume. The earliest known form of steelconcrete composite beam, dating from the late 1800s, comprised a steel beam encased in concrete, as shown in fig. This paper presents the statistical analysis of test results for different properties of steel for the reinforcement of concrete in bangladesh. A number of tests have been conducted on reinforcing bars having different steel grades such as 276 mpa 40 ksi, 414 mpa 60 ksi and 500 mpa 72 ksi. It is mainly the aggregate that provide strength to concrete especially coarse aggregates which act just like bones in the body.

New design approach for steel fiberreinforced concrete slabs. Based on the experimental results, the conclusions can be drawn as. Properties and applications of fiber reinforced concrete. Section tables are not numbered and put in the list, except from hightensile galvanised c and z purlins, mild steel plates, chequered plates, api 5l 1991 and astm a53 1997 pipes. So, the steel bars are accommodated in concrete for tension requirements as steel have a similar value of compression and tension. The compressive strength is typically controlled with the ratio of water to cement when forming the concrete, and tensile strength is increased by additives, typically steel, to create reinforced concrete. Concrete shrinks as it dries out and, even when hardened. For hardened concrete resistance to freezing and thawing, deicing chemicals, wear resistance, strength, and low permeability water tightness. Mechanical properties of concrete using steel slag aggregate.

The mechanical properties of concrete are dependent on many factors, such as the characteristics of the raw materials used, the curing conditions and the local concrete practice, which may vary from place to place. Effect of partial replacement of cement by fly ash, rice husk ash with using steel fiber in concrete r. Chapter 1 properties of reinforced concrete strength of. The term concrete refers to a mixture of aggregates, usually sand. Introduction to concrete concretess versatility, durability, sustainability, and economy have made it the worldss most widely used construction material. Due to the ready availability of its constituent materials, the strength and economy it provides and the.